Despite recent advances in understanding the causes of epilepsy, especially the genetic,
comprehending the biological mechanisms that lead to the epileptic phenotype remains …

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that regulates the release of neurotransmitters
from synaptic vesicles in the brain. α-Syn aggregates, including Lewy bodies, are features of …

BACKGROUND One hundred years ago, experiments on beating frog hearts identified
acetylcholine (ACh) as the seminal neurotransmitter. Sixty years later, fractionation of the eel …

The cholinergic system plays an essential role in brain development, physiology, and
pathophysiology. Herein, we review how specific alterations in this system, through genetic …

Upregulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) is a venerable result of
chronic exposure to nicotine; but it is one of several consequences of pharmacological …

The global decline in the abundance and diversity of insect pollinators could result from
habitat loss, disease, and pesticide exposure. The contribution of the neonicotinoid …

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADH-D) is a genetic disorder that
results from the aberrant metabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) …

Heteromeric nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) were thought to have two orthodox agonist‐
binding sites at two α/β subunit interfaces. Highly selective ligands are hard to develop by …

Nicotine dependence is thought to arise in part because nicotine permeates into the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it binds to nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and begins an …

Targeted therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders requires selective modulation of
dysfunctional neuronal pathways. Receptors relevant to CNS disorders typically have …