Regulatory RNA elements fulfill functions such as translational regulation, control of
transcript levels, and regulation of viral genome replication. Trans-acting factors (ie, RNA …

Viruses remain a global threat to animals, plants, and humans. The type 1 human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a member of the retrovirus family and carries an RNA …

The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is a multi-functional protein necessary for viral
replication. Recent studies have demonstrated reverse transcription occurs inside the fully …

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is a complex retrovirus which relies on
alternative splicing, translational and post-translational mechanisms to produce more than …

Recent evidence indicates that the HIV-1 Integrase (IN) binds the viral genomic RNA
(gRNA), playing a critical role in the morphogenesis of the viral particle and in the stability of …

The HIV-1 integrase (IN) plays a critical role in the viral lifecycle by integrating the viral DNA
into the host chromosome. The catalytic function of IN has been exploited as a target, with …

Retroviral integrase is a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the integration of reverse-
transcribed viral DNA into the cellular genome. Beyond integration, the Human …

Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are encoded tandemly in the pol genes of
retroviruses. We reported recently that HIV-1 RT and IN need to be supplied as the pol …

Abstract HIV-1, a single-stranded RNA retrovirus, has devastated millions of people
worldwide. Understanding how this virus infects cells and replicates is critical for both …