Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases.
Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of …

Escherichia coli is the predominant nonpathogenic facultative flora of the human intestine.
Some E. coli strains, however, have developed the ability to cause disease of the …

Since early this century, various substances have been added to vaccines and certain
formulations have been devised in an attempt to render vaccines more effective. Despite a …

Currently, aluminum salts and MF59 are the only vaccine adjuvants approved for human
use. With the development of new-generation vaccines (including recombinant subunit and …

▪ Abstract Infections often involve the mucosal surfaces of the body, which form a boundary
with the outside world. This review focuses on immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies because …

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the induction of immunity in the gastrointestinal
mucosa following oral immunization and the cross‐talk between mucosal and systemic …

Perhaps the best-studied mucosal adjuvants are the bacterially derived ADP-ribosylating
enterotoxins. This adjuvant family includes heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT) …

The authors have designed and constructed a plant-optimized synthetic gene encoding the
Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LT-B), for use in transgenic plants as an …

New generation vaccines, particularly those based on recombinant proteins and DNA, are
likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines, but are also less immunogenic …

Induction of immune responses following oral immunization is frequently dependent upon
the co-administration of appropriate adjuvants that can initiate and support the transition …