Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been
studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable …

Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100
years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is responsible of
variable clinical manifestations, ranging from no symptoms to severe pneumonia with acute …

Heparan sulfate is found on the surface of most cell types, as well as in basement
membranes and extracellular matrices. Its strong anionic properties and highly variable …

Abstract Treatment of immunologically cold tumors is a major challenge for immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interleukin 12 (IL‐12) can invigorate ICIs against cold tumors by …

Directing biological functions is at the heart of next-generation biomedical initiatives in tissue
and immuno-engineering. However, the ambitious goal of engineering complex biological …

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications, such as cancer
therapy/diagnosis or tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Herein, we synthesized …

Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with one of the fastest increasing incidence
rates among solid tumors. The use of checkpoint inhibitors (eg αPD-1 antibody) has recently …

Background Pancreatic cancer, one of the cancers with the highest mortality rate, has very
limited clinical treatment. Cancer cells express abnormal glycans on the surface, and some …

Cytokines can coordinate robust immune responses, holding great promise as therapeutics
against infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. In cancer treatment, numerous pro …