Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized
neuropathologically by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, intracellular …

There is an increasing recognition that inflammation plays a critical role in
neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral …

Minocycline is commonly used to inhibit microglial activation. It is widely accepted that
activated microglia exert dual functions, that is, pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory …

Microglia are resident macrophage-like immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
and play a vital role in both physiological and pathological conditions, including restoring …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a non-
cell autonomous motor neuron loss. While it is generally believed that the disease onset …

Connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions and hemichannels mediate astrocyte intercellular
communication in the central nervous system under normal conditions and contribute to …

Several neurodegenerative disorders involve impaired neurotransmission, and
glutamatergic neurotransmission sets a prototypical example. Glutamate is a predominant …

Despite wide genetic, environmental and clinical heterogeneity in amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease targeting motoneurons …

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 ubiquitinated inclusions are a hallmark of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin …

Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore
tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous …