Freezing can prolong the shelf life of muscle foods and is widely used in their preservation.
However, inevitable quality deterioration can occur during freezing, frozen storage, and …

During traditional surgery, the surgeons' hands are in direct contact with organs, and
surgeons rely on the sense of touch to perform surgery. In teleoperated robotic systems, all …

This article presents an overview of the current state of research and application of haptic
(primarily kinesthetic) feedback and force-based teleoperation in the context of surgical …

Robot assisted surgery (RAS) provides medical practitioners with valuable tools, decreasing
strain during surgery and leading to better patient outcomes. While the loss of haptic …

Teleoperated medical robotic systems allow procedures such as surgeries, treatments, and
diagnoses to be conducted across short or long distances while utilizing wired and/or …

Recent technological development has led to the invention of different designs of haptic
devices, electromechanical devices that mediate communication between the user and the …

Haptic human–machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback
to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive …

Cutaneous haptic feedback has recently received great attention from researchers in the
robotic teleoperation field, as it has been proven to convey rich information to the human …

Surgical robots have had clinical use since the mid‐1990s. Robot‐assisted surgeries offer
many benefits over the conventional approach including lower risk of infection and blood …

With the successful uptake and inclusion of robotic systems in minimally invasive surgery
and with the increasing application of robotic surgery (RS) in numerous surgical specialities …