HIV-1 Nef is required for efficient viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the extent to
which Nef's functions are maintained in natural sequences during chronic infection, and their …

The AIDS epidemy has spread out and led to the diversification on the research for new
antiviral drugs. Natural products, especially those derived from plants, are well-recognized …

A major challenge to developing a successful HIV vaccine is the vast diversity of viral
sequences, yet it is generally assumed that an epitope conserved between different strains …

How genetically simple pathogens like HIV overwhelm complex immune systems is not fully
understood. One unexplored possibility is that epistatic interactions across genetically …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 downregulates human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A) and HLA-B from the
surface of infected cells primarily to evade CD8 T cell recognition. HLA-C was thought to …

The gut is the largest lymphoid organ in the body and a site of active HIV-1 replication and
immune surveillance. The gut is a reservoir of persistent infection in some individuals with …

Throughout the world, infants and children with HIV-1 infection are increasingly surviving
into adolescence and adulthood. As HIV Nef is an important determinant of the pathogenic …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Nef is heavily targeted
by CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) during acute infection and therefore is included in many …

Almost 80% of viral transcripts during early HIV-1 infection encode the Nef protein, which
has been implicated in altering expression of a number of genes. In this study, we infected …

HIV-1-induced cytopathicity of thymocytes is a major cause of reduced peripheral T cells and
rapid disease progression observed in HIV-1-infected infants. Understanding the virulence …