Abstract The Southern Ocean, although relatively understudied owing to its harsh
environment and geographical isolation, has been shown to contribute substantially to …

The micronutrient iron is essential for phytoplankton growth due to its central role in a wide
variety of key metabolic processes including photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation. As a …

Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptor proteins that convert light into biological signals or
energy. Proteins of the xanthorhodopsin family are common in eukaryotic photosynthetic …

Phototrophic metabolism, the capture of light for energy, was a pivotal biological innovation
that greatly increased the total energy available to the biosphere. Chlorophyll-based …

The rediscovery of diatom blooms embedded within and beneath the Lake Erie ice cover
(2007–2012) ignited interest in psychrophilic adaptations and winter limnology. Subsequent …

Fluorescence of the vast majority of natural opsin-based photoactive proteins is extremely
low, in accordance with their functions that depend on efficient transduction of absorbed light …

Proton-pumping rhodopsins (PPRs) were initially found in halophilic archaea [1], and were
subsequently observed in marine bacteria [2–4], and in eukaryotic marine phytoplankton …

The continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a highly variable system
characterized by strong cross-shelf gradients, rapid regional change, and large blooms of …

Global warming can inhibit chlorophyll-based solar energy capturing of phytoplankton by
decreasing nutrient supply through upwelling. However, species with proton-pump …

Coastal upwelling currents such as the California Current System (CCS) comprise some of
the most productive biological systems on the planet. Diatoms dominate these upwelling …