Acute kidney injury (AKI) has 4 stages. The first, or initiation phase, occurs during and
immediately after the insult to the kidneys when pathologic damage to the kidney is initiated …

Within clinical small animal practice, diagnosis of both chronic kidney disease and acute
kidney injury is common. To assess renal function, measurement of glomerular filtration rate …

A retrospective study was performed of 100 dogs with persistent urinary tract infections
(UTIs) or reinfections presenting to the North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) …

Background Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is considered a biomarker for early
detection of renal dysfunction in human patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). At present, no …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute exacerbation of CKD (ACKD) are
common in dogs. Objective To characterize the etiology, clinical and laboratory findings, and …

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition. Objectives To
characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period …

Hypocalcemia based on serum tCa is a relatively common laboratory abnormality and was
observed in 13.5% of serum biochemical profiles of dogs in one clinical study. 111 Based on …

Routinely, kidney dysfunction and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are diagnosed
by the evaluation of changes in the serum creatinine (SC r) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) …

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide significance, caused by infection with pathogenic
Leptospira species. The taxonomy and classification of these organisms are varied and …

Renal damage and disease can be caused by acute or chronic insults to the kidney. The
terms renal disease and renal damage are used to denote the presence of renal lesions; …