Importance Despite apparent progress in perinatal care, children born extremely or very
preterm (EP/VP) remain at high risk for cognitive deficits. Insight into factors contributing to …

Prematurity, especially preterm birth (less than 32 weeks' gestation), is common and
associated with high rates of both survival and neurodevelopmental disability, especially …

Importance Despite improvement during recent decades, extremely preterm infants continue
to contribute disproportionately to neonatal mortality and childhood morbidity. Objective To …

Extreme preterm birth, defined as birth before 28 weeks' gestational age (box 1), 1 affects
about two to five in every 1000 pregnancies, and varies slightly by country and by definitions …

Objectives To describe neurodevelopment at age 5 among children born preterm. Design
Population based cohort study, EPIPAGE-2. Setting France, 2011. Participants 4441 …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of extreme prematurity, and
its rate is not improving, despite advances in perinatal intensive care. Children with BPD …

Importance Birth before 32 weeks' gestation (very preterm [VPT]) and birth weight below
1500 g (very low birth weight [VLBW]) have been associated with lower cognitive …

Background Assisted ventilation for extremely preterm infants (< 28 weeks of gestation) has
become less invasive, but it is unclear whether such developments in care are associated …

Around 15 million children are born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) every year. Of these,
15% or 2.25 million are born very preterm (VP;< 32 weeks of gestation). Here, the …

Importance Survival of infants born extremely preterm (EP)(< 28 weeks' gestation) has
increased since the early 1990s. It is necessary to know whether increased survival is …