Discoveries in the last few years have emphasized the existence of an enormous breadth of
communication between bone and the immune system in maintaining skeletal homeostasis …

Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and
increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of …

Macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) plays an essential role in
tumor osteolytic bone metastasis (BM), while its specific mechanisms remain largely …

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-based and macrophage-based cell
therapy are regarded as promising strategies to promote fracture healing because of …

The skeletal system and immune system seem to be two independent systems. However,
there in fact are extensive and multiple crosstalk between them. The concept of …

Osteoporosis and bone disorders related to the metabolic syndrome are often associated
with adipokines secreted by adipocytes in bone. Adiponectin, a type of adipokine, is a …

Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting
structures of teeth triggered by the complex interactions between a dysbiotic bacterial biofilm …

Several studies have demonstrated that exosomes (Exos) are involved in the regulation of
macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. However, the characteristics as well …

Simple Summary Bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between bone-forming
osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, in pathological conditions, bone …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a severe global health issue that has significant implications for
productivity and human lifespan. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated to be …