Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism formed during a process that involves
oxidation-reduction reactions and conserves iron body stores. Unconjugated …

Hyperbilirubinemia accounts for about 60% of full-term and 80% of preterm neonates
globally, which is characterized by physiologically elevated unconjugated bilirubin in serum …

Synthetic selective modulators of the estrogen receptors (SERMs) have shown to protect
neurons and glial cells against toxic insults. Among the most relevant beneficial effects …

Objective Jaundice (icterus) is the visible manifestation of the accumulation of bilirubin in the
tissue and is indicative of potential toxicity to the brain. Since its very first description more …

Bilirubin neurotoxicity is a serious consequence of hyperbilirubinemia, which is the most
common disease of the neonatal period. Clinically, bilirubin neurotoxicity can result in motor …

Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in newborns may lead to bilirubin neurotoxicity. Few studies
investigated the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) by UCB. We …

Phototherapy was introduced in the early 1950's, and is the primary treatment of severe
neonatal jaundice or Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Nevertheless, the potential biological effects …

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are both greatly
important metabolic enzymes in various tissues, including brain. Although expressions of …

Drug metabolism is one of the critical determinants of drug disposition throughout the body.
While traditionally associated with the liver, recent research has unveiled the presence and …

Bilirubin toxicity to the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for severe and
permanent neurologic damage, resulting in hearing loss, cognitive, and movement …