Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical
heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease …

Dysregulation of auto-reactive T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells and excessive
inflammation are responsible for the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease that is characterized by
inflammation of the synovial joints leading to cartilage and bone damage. The pathogenesis …

While a certain level of inflammation is critical for humans to survive infection and injury, a
prolonged inflammatory response can have fatal consequences. Pattern recognition Toll-like …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious chronic inflammatory disease and synovial fibroblasts
(SFs) serve a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Current studies have …

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with various subtypes.
Among these, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SnRA), distinguished by its distinctive …

Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in health and disease due to their widespread
distribution and unique location. Although ECs are not regarded as classical immune cells …

Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a devastating necrotizing skin
disease. Key to its pathogenesis is mycolactone, the exotoxin virulence factor that is both …

Objective Cartilage and bone damage in RA are associated with elevated IL-1β. The effects
of IL-1β can be reduced by biological therapies that target IL-1β or TNF-α. However, the …

Background Protective immunity against intestinal helminths requires induction of robust
type-2 immunity orchestrated by various cellular and soluble effectors which promote goblet …