Cotton is not only the world's most important natural fiber crop, but it is also an ideal system
in which to study genome evolution, polyploidization, and cell elongation. With the assembly …

Nectar, the main floral reward for pollinators, varies greatly in composition and
concentration. The assumption that nectar quality is equivalent to its sugar (energy) …

Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its
extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis, which makes it of high …

Neonicotinoids are a class of neuro-active insecticides widely used to protect major crops,
primarily because of their broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and low vertebrate toxicity …

The ecological function of secondary metabolites in plant defence against herbivores is well
established, but their role in plant–pollinator interactions is less obvious. Nectar is the major …

Background Floral nectar is an important determinant of plant–pollinator interactions and an
integral component of pollination syndromes, suggesting it is under pollinator-mediated …

Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with pollinators, pathogens, and herbivores, with
major consequences for fitness of both plants and flower visitors. The outcome of such …

Plants attract mutualistic animals by offering a reward of nectar. Specifically, floral nectar
(FN) is produced to attract pollinators, whereas extrafloral nectar (EFN) mediates indirect …

Plant–pollinator interactions are mediated by floral signals and by the quantity and quality of
floral rewards. Biotic and abiotic disturbances can influence plant reproductive success …

Plants secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) as an induced defense against herbivores. EFN
contains not only carbohydrates and amino acids but also pathogenesis-related proteins …