People spontaneously create counterfactual alternatives to reality when they think “if only” or
“what if” and imagine how the past could have been different. The mind computes …

Modern decision neuroscience offers a powerful and broad account of human behaviour
using computational techniques that link psychological and neuroscientific approaches to …

The representative heuristic and overconfidence are cognitive biases that influence the
decisions of the investors in the stock market. Overconfident investors tend to rely on …

What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex
social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in …

Humans are capable of imagining future rewards and the contexts in which they may be
obtained. Functionally, intertemporal choices between smaller but immediate and larger but …

Overriding motor impulses instigated by salient perceptual stimuli represent a fundamental
inhibitory skill. Such motor self-regulation facilitates more rational behaviour, as it brings …

Much of traditional neuroeconomics proceeds from the hypothesis that value is reified in the
brain, that is, that there are neurons or brain regions whose responses serve the discrete …

Abstract The Modern Synthesis has dominated biology for 80 years. It was formulated in
1942, a decade before the major achievements of molecular biology, including the Double …

As we navigate through life we instinctively model time as having a flowing present that
divides a fixed past from open future. This model develops in childhood and is deeply …

The ability to exert self-control varies within and across taxa. Some species can exert self-
control for several seconds whereas others, such as large-brained vertebrates, can tolerate …