Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive‐sense RNA viruses
having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved …

Osteoimmunology is the interdiscipline that focuses on the relationship between the skeletal
and immune systems. They are interconnected by shared signal pathways and cytokines …

γδ T cells, a subgroup of T cells based on the γδ TCR, when compared with conventional T
cells (αβ T cells), make up a very small proportion of T cells. However, its various subgroups …

HIV infection is associated with a rapid and sustained inversion of the Vδ1: Vδ2 T‐cell ratio
in peripheral blood. Studies of antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated cohorts suggest that ART …

Cervical carcinoma is significantly associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Persistent infection with high risk-HPV is necessary but not sufficient for the development of …

Introduction: NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in dendritic cells (DC) activation in
response to vaccine adjuvants, however we previously showed that it is not properly …

It is well-recognized that human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mainly targets CD4+
T cells and macrophages. Nonetheless, during the past three decades, a huge number of …

Abstract γδ T cells act as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. However,
despite their abundance in mucosal tissue, little information is available about their …

Objectives Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV viral load,
immune dysregulation and dysfunction persist in people living with HIV (PLWH). γδ T cells …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent endotoxin released at high concentrations in acute
infections, causing massive host inflammatory response. Accumulating evidence indicates …