Mammals respond to an unexpected reward omission or reduction with a variety of
behavioral and physiological responses consistent with an aversive emotion traditionally …

Foreword Equine obesity is now so common that is has become accepted by many as the
norm. Rates of obesity may be as high as 70% in some populations and obesity is often …

Facial expressions are considered sensitive indicators of emotional states in humans and
many animals. Identifying facial indicators of emotion is a major challenge and little …

Introduction: Psychometric tools have been developed for the assessment of behavioral and
affective traits in non-human animals. Frustration can be defined as an emotional reaction …

Separation related disorder in dogs is a multi-faceted phenomenon. Dogs can react to the
absence of their owner due to different inner states such as fear, panic or frustration. We …

Scent-detection animals are routinely evaluated for detection accuracy for a wide range of
targets. The obtained estimates of accuracy vary widely, even with the same species of …

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are frequently used in dog training. During fixed-time
(FT) schedules, reinforcement delivery is time-based and response-independent. In contrast …

Frustration is a term often used to describe both a behavioural response to a situation and
an emotional state experienced when goals or rewards are expected but not received …

Simple Summary Dogs are a social species and may experience negative emotions when
left alone even for short periods of time. This study explored the effectiveness of different …

Obesity in pets is a frustrating, major health problem. Obesity in human children is similar.
Prevailing theories accounting for the rising obesity rates–for example, poor nutrition and …