An accurate and reliable Indoor Positioning System (IPS) applicable to most indoor
scenarios has been sought for many years. The number of technologies, techniques, and …

In recent times, social and commercial interests in location-based services (LBS) are
significantly increasing due to the rise in smart devices and technologies. The global …

Widespread proliferation of wireless coverage has enabled culmination of number of
advanced location-based services (LBS). Continuous tracking of accurate physical location …

Indoor wireless localization using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons has attracted
considerable attention due to its extensive distribution and low cost properties. This article …

The introduction of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology provides new opportunities that
the Global Positioning System (GPS) could not provide for indoor localization. In this article …

The interconnectedness of all things is continuously expanding which has allowed every
individual to increase their level of interaction with their surroundings. Internet of Things (IoT) …

The integration of the physical and digital world has become increasingly important, and
location-based services have become the most sought-after application in the field of the …

Indoor localization is a key research area and has been stated as a major goal for Sixth
Generation (6G) communications. Indoor localization faces many challenges, such as harsh …

Population ageing becomes a perplexing conundrum with social and economic
development. Many senior citizens are now empty nesters because the younger generation …

Indoor localization based on pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is drawing more and more
attention of researchers in location-based services (LBS). The demand for indoor …