Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is
predicted to increase in the future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom …

Insecticides, one of the main agrochemicals, are useful for controlling pests; however, the
indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to negative effects on nontarget insects, especially …

Bees are critical for crop pollination, but there is limited information on levels and sources of
pesticide exposure in commercial agriculture. We collected pollen from foraging honey bees …

Cultivation of mass flowering entomophilous crops benefits from the presence of managed
and wild pollinators, who visit flowers to forage on pollen and nectar. However, management …

When managed bee colonies are brought to farms for crop pollination, they can be exposed
to pesticide residues. Quantifying the risk posed by these exposures can indicate which …

Research evidence suggests that pesticide residues are one of the leading potential causes
of the decline in pollinators, especially during vulnerable periods such as foraging in the …

In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees are likely to be
exposed to a range of chemical compounds in a variety of ways. The extent to which …

The residue of pesticides in bee products such as beebread and honey threaten the survival
of pollinators and human health. Apis cerana cerana is one of the leading managed honey …

Bees can be severely affected by various plant protection products (PPP). Among these,
neonicotinoid insecticides are of concern as they have been shown to be responsible for …

Fungicides, insecticides and herbicides are widely used in agriculture to counteract
pathogens and pests. Several of these molecules are toxic to non-target organisms such as …