Many opportunities exist to reduce enteric methane (CH 4) and other greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions per unit of product from ruminant livestock. Research over the past century …

Genomic selection has revolutionized dairy cattle breeding. Since 2000, assays have been
developed to genotype large numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at …

Seven years after the introduction of genomic selection in the United States, it is now
possible to evaluate the impact of this technology on the population. Selection differential …

We have seen remarkable advances in animal productivity in the last 75 years, with annual
milk yield per cow increasing over 4-fold and no evidence of nearing a plateau. Because of …

Milk yield per cow has more than doubled in the previous 40 years and many cows now
produce more than 20,000 kg of milk per lactation. The increase in production should be …

Advancements in genotyping are rapidly decreasing marker costs and increasing genome
coverage. This is facilitating the use of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding …

Genomic selection (GS) uses genome‐wide molecular marker data to predict the genetic
value of selection candidates in breeding programs. In plant breeding, the ability to produce …

Selective breeding has been practiced since domestication, but early breeders commonly
selected on appearance (eg, coat color) rather than performance traits (eg, milk yield). A …

Feed efficiency, as defined by the fraction of feed energy or dry matter captured in products,
has more than doubled for the US dairy industry in the past 100 yr. This increased feed …

The intensive selection programs for milk made possible by mass artificial insemination
increased the similarity among the genomes of North American (NA) Holsteins tremendously …