Several immune-related molecules in penaeid shrimps have been discovered, most of these
via the analysis of expressed sequence tag libraries, microarray studies and proteomic …

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide–LPS) as one of the most potent inducers of the
immune system is recognized by a complex cascade of extracellular “pattern recognition …

Polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics with potent activity against multi-drug resistant
pathogens. They interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bacterial membranes, but …

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are widespread in the living kingdom. They are
key effectors of defense reactions and mediators of competitions between organisms. They …

In the light of occurrence of bacterial strains with multiple resistances against most
antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides that interact with the outer layer of Gram-negative bacteria …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an integral part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria, is involved in a variety of biological processes including inflammation, septic shock …

The ever‐increasing number of drug‐resistant bacteria is a major challenge in healthcare
and creates an urgent need for novel compounds for treatment. Host defense antimicrobial …

Different isoforms of the ALF homologues (ALFPm1–5) have been previously identified from
Penaeus monodon expressed sequence tag (EST) database (http://pmonodon. biotec. or …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the glycolipid of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria,
is critically involved in health and diseases. LPS facilitates the survival of pathogens by …

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a group of critical effector molecules with a broad
spectrum of antimicrobial activities in crustaceans. Four groups of ALFs (A, B, C, and D) …