Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts host-damaging effects in
different autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. It is a key regulator of other …

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family, with its three members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is
a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Involved in many aspects of cellular …

Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB/Rel has been shown to be involved in
inflammatory disease. Here we studied the role of RelA/p65, the main transactivating …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) are a family of kinases that regulates a
range of biological processes implicated in the response to growth factors like latelet …

Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) is a critical regulator of proliferation and migration for
mesenchymal type cells. In this study, we examined the role of mitogen‐activated protein …

Abstract The effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME)-induced apoptosis was examined in
human leukemia cells (U937 and Jurkat) in relation to mitochondrial injury, oxidative …

This review covers the molecular mechanisms involved in hair cell and hearing losses which
can result from trauma generated during the process of cochlear implantation and the …

A considerable body of experimental evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α
plays a major role in several aspects of inflammation and shock. In particular, it is pivotal in …

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key cytoprotective enzyme and an established marker of
oxidative stress. Increased HO-1 expression has been found in the resident macrophages in …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is degenerative and
terminal disease. The main reason of the disease is still unknown. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques …