In recent years, scaffold‐free bio‐3D printing using cell aggregates (spheroids) as “bio‐inks”
has attracted increasing attention as a method for 3D cell construction. Bio‐3D printing uses …

Airway system is a vital part of the living being body. Trachea is the upper respiratory portion
that connects nostril and lungs and has multiple functions such as breathing and entrapment …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be triggered by an external stimulus to realize the
shape changing from temporary shape to its original shape. Due to its biodegradability, easy …

Bottom-up biofabrication approaches combining micro-tissue fabrication techniques with
extrusion-based 3D printing of thermoplastic polymer scaffolds are emerging strategies in …

The fabrication of biomimetic tracheas with a architecture of cartilaginous rings alternately
interspersed between vascularized fibrous tissue (CRVFT) has the potential to perfectly …

Background Although autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard treatment of peripheral
nerve injuries, several alternative methods have been developed, including nerve conduits …

OBJECTIVES Currently, most of the artificial airway organs still require scaffolds; however,
such scaffolds exhibit several limitations. Alternatively, the use of an autologous artificial …

Critical bone defects are a common yet challenging orthopedic problem. Tissue engineering
is an emerging and promising strategy for bone regeneration in large-scale bone defects …

Abstract 4D bioprinting techniques that facilitate formation of shape‐changing scaffold‐free
cell condensates with prescribed geometries have yet been demonstrated. Here, a simple …

Stem cell-based therapeutics have gained tremendous attention in recent years due to their
wide range of applications in various degenerative diseases, injuries, and other health …