Background Spinal disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and can cause significant
disability and pain. The paraspinal muscles, located on either side of the spinal column, play …

Skeletal muscle has a classic structure function relationship; both skeletal muscle
microstructure and architecture are directly related to force generating capacity. Biopsy, the …

Purpose Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), Modic changes, and fatty infiltration in the
paraspinal muscles are possible causes of low back pain (LBP). Multifidus has been the …

Musculoskeletal injuries of the lumbar spine occur frequently among military service
members and are associated with heavy backpack loads. Musculoskeletal modeling and …

In recent years, along with microelectromechanical (MEMS) technique and wireless body
area network (WBAN), wearable health monitoring systems have emerged. With …

Purpose Spinal sagittal balance is associated with back pain and quality of life. Enhancing
understanding of the clinical factors associated with sagittal balance is essential for guiding …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic tool that can be used to noninvasively
assess lumbar muscle size and fatty infiltration, important biomarkers of muscle health …

Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints
and considered as the most disabling condition among general population. Magnetic …

Headache is the most common type of pain following mild traumatic brain injury. Roughly
half of those with persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH) also report neck pain which is …

Background The paraspinal muscle is essential for maintaining normal spine function and
structure, which degeneration is closely related to various spinal diseases. The main …