Viral infections spread based on the ability of viruses to overcome multiple barriers and
move from cell to cell, tissue to tissue, and person to person and even across species. While …

The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-
retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products …

The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell
lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in …

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T
lymphocytes caused by human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 was …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and
is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual …

The paradigm that viruses can move directly, and in some cases covertly, between
contacting target cells is now well established for several virus families. The underlying …

Human T lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) is a well‐known human oncovirus, associated
with two life‐threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV‐1 …

Retrovirus transmission via direct cell-cell contact is more efficient than diffusion through the
extracellular milieu. This is believed to be due to the ability of viruses to efficiently coordinate …

HIV assembly has been intensively studied as the assembly and release of cell-free virus.
However, it is becoming increasingly clear that HIV can also bypass cell-free spread by …

Progression to AIDS is driven by HIV depletion of CD4 T cells. Most CD4 T cells residing in
lymphoid tissues die from abortive HIV infection. During abortive infection, HIV fuses …