This paper reviews the current state of several formal models of speech motor control, with
particular focus on the low-level control of the speech articulators. Further development of …

This paper presents a comparative conceptual review of speech and limb motor control.
Speech is essentially cognitive in nature and constrained by the rules of language, while …

A central challenge for articulatory speech synthesis is the simulation of realistic articulatory
movements, which is critical for the generation of highly natural and intelligible speech. This …

Language is a distinguishing characteristic of our species, and the course of its evolution is
one of the hardest problems in science. It has long been generally considered that human …

A three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical model of the tongue and the oral cavity, controlled
by a functional model of muscle force generation (⁠ λ-model of the equilibrium point …

A model of the vocal-tract area function is described that consists of four tiers. The first tier is
a vowel substrate defined by a system of spatial eigenmodes and a neutral area function …

A detailed understanding of how the acoustic patterns of speech sounds are generated by
the complex 3D shapes of the vocal tract is a major goal in speech research. The Dresden …

We present a novel 3D vocal tract model and a method to control the articulatory movements
of the model. The vocal tract model consists of 7 wireframe meshes that represent the three …

We present an open‐source physical simulation system suitable for efficient modeling of
anatomical structures composed of both hard and soft tissue components, interconnected by …

Artificial talkers and speech synthesis systems have long been used as a means of
understanding both speech production and speech perception. The development of an …