▪ Abstract Pollen tubes and root hairs are highly elongated, cylindrically shaped cells whose
polarized growth permits them to explore the environment for the benefit of the entire plant …

Calcium oxalate crystal formation in plants appears to play a central role in a variety of
important functions, including tissue calcium regulation, protection from herbivory, and metal …

Genome sequencing has resulted in the identification of a large number of uncharacterized
genes with unknown functions. It is widely recognized that determination of the intracellular …

Autophagy is a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material by a double-
membrane structure named the autophagosome. The initiation of autophagosome formation …

Abstract PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) genes encode phosphate (Pi) transporters
that play a fundamental role in Pi acquisition and remobilization in plants. Mutation of the …

Calreticulin was first isolated 26 years ago. Since its discovery as a minor Ca 2+-binding
protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the appreciation of its importance has grown, and it is …

Brefeldin A (BFA) causes a block in the secretory system of eukaryotic cells by inhibiting
vesicle formation at the Golgi apparatus. Although this toxin has been used in many studies …

▪ Abstract Plant membrane trafficking shares many features with other eukaryotic organisms,
including the machinery for vesicle formation and fusion. However, the plant endomembrane …

In contrast with animals, plant cells contain multiple mobile Golgi stacks distributed over the
entire cytoplasm. However, the distribution and dynamics of protein export sites on the plant …

With the completion of the Arabidopsis genome, many hypothetical proteins have been
predicted without any information on their expression, subcellular localisation and function …