W Schultz - Physiological reviews, 2015 - journals.physiology.org
Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …
Over the past 20 years, neuroscience research on reward-based learning has converged on a canonical model, under which the neurotransmitter dopamine 'stamps in'associations …
People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies …
TA Stalnaker, NK Cooch, G Schoenbaum - Nature neuroscience, 2015 - nature.com
The number of papers about the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has grown from 1 per month in 1987 to a current rate of over 50 per month. This publication stream has implicated the OFC …
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has attracted great interest from neuroscientists because it is associated with so many important cognitive functions. Despite, or perhaps …
Individual neurons in many cortical regions have been found to encode specific, identifiable features of the environment or body that pertain to the function of the region,–. However, in …
Midbrain dopamine neurons are well known for their strong responses to rewards and their critical role in positive motivation. It has become increasingly clear, however, that dopamine …
The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain, and it expanded dramatically during primate evolution. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a …
Integrating costs and benefits is crucial for optimal decision-making. Although much is known about decisions that involve outcome-related costs (eg, delay, risk), many of our …