Codon usage bias refers to the phenomenon where specific codons are used more often
than other synonymous codons during translation of genes, the extent of which varies within …

Codon usage bias (CUB) refers to the phenomena that synonymous codons are used in
different frequencies in most genes and organisms. The general assumption is that codon …

The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene plays a pivotal role in a global effort to
document biodiversity and continues to be a gene of choice in phylogenetic and …

Plants are the primary producers of the terrestrial ecosystems that dominate much of the
natural environment. Occurring approximately 480 Ma (Sanderson 2003; Kenrick et al …

Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of cytokines, belonging to glycoproteins. As for the
antiviral and antineoplastic activity of IFNs, IFNs were widely studied. Based of recent gene …

Theaceae species are dicotyledonous angiosperms with extremely high ornamental and
economic value. The chloroplast genome is traditionally used to study species evolution …

Variation in synonymous codon usage is abundant across multiple levels of organization:
between codons of an amino acid, between genes in a genome, and between genomes of …

Main conclusion The codon usage bias in chloroplast genes of Oryza species was low and
AT rich. The pattern of codon usage was different among Oryza species and mainly …

Complex patterns of genome evolution associated with the end-Cretaceous [Cretaceous-
Paleogene (K–Pg)] mass extinction limit our understanding of the early evolutionary history …

In bacterial genomes composed of more than one chromosome, one replicon is typically
larger, harbors more essential genes than the others, and is considered primary. The greater …