Lidocaine is an amide local anaesthetic initially used intravenously as an antiarrhythmic
agent. At some point it was proposed that intravenous lidocaine (IVL) had an analgesic …

Introduction Sepsis is the most common trigger of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill
patients; understanding the structural changes associated with its occurrence is therefore …

Background: Acute renal dysfunction (ARD) and subsequent acute renal failure after cardiac
surgery are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early therapeutic or preventive …

Despite impressive advances in biomedical research, few noteworthy breakthroughs have
been made in the treatment of sepsis during the past several decades. This stalemate is …

This review seeks to address 10 essential questions regarding the clinical use of local
anaesthetics. Each local anaesthetic has distinctive physicochemical properties but with the …

Introduction The neuroinflammatory response plays a key role in several pain syndromes.
Intravenous (iv) lidocaine is beneficial in acute and chronic pain. This review delineates the …

This narrative review provides an update on the applied pharmacology of lidocaine, its
clinical scope in anaesthesia, novel concepts of analgesic and immune-modulatory effects …

Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using
inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe …

The current studies demonstrate protective and harmful effects of neutrophils (PMN) during
experimental sepsis after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). It is known that CLP induces …

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) during the
perioperative period and patients with ALF frequently develop acute kidney injury (AKI) …