Gap junctions are essential to the function of multicellular animals, which require a high
degree of coordination between cells. In vertebrates, gap junctions comprise connexins and …

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinctive components that initiate and
conduct the electrical impulse required for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac …

The QRS interval, from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the S wave on an
electrocardiogram, reflects ventricular depolarization and conduction time and is a risk factor …

Pacemaker and conduction system myocytes play crucial roles in initiating and regulating
the contraction of the cardiac chambers. Genetic defects, acquired diseases, and aging …

Connexins are widely distributed proteins in the body that are crucially important for heart
and brain functions. Six connexin subunits form a connexon or hemichannel in the plasma …

The myocardium of the heart is composed of multiple highly specialized myocardial
lineages, including those of the ventricular and atrial myocardium, and the specialized …

The multi-chambered mammalian heart arises from a simple tube by polar elongation,
myocardial differentiation and morphogenesis. Members of the large family of T-box (Tbx) …

Cardiac malformations due to aberrant development of the atrioventricular (AV) valves are
among the most common forms of congenital heart diseases. Normally, heart valve …

The rate and rhythm of heart muscle contractions are coordinated by the cardiac conduction
system (CCS), a generic term for a collection of different specialized muscular tissues within …

The conduction system of the heart initiates and coordi-nates the electric signal that causes
the rhythmic and synchronized contractions of the atria and ventricles. In higher vertebrates …