Hypergraphs extend traditional graphs by allowing edges to connect multiple nodes, while
superhypergraphs further generalize this concept to represent even more complex …

Graph theory, a mathematical field, investigates the relationships between entities through
vertices and edges [29]. Within this discipline, Uncertain Graph Theory emerges to model …

The second volume of “Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization,
Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond” …

Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, studies relationships among entities through
vertices and edges. To capture the inherent uncertainties in real-world networks, Uncertain …

Graph theory examines networks consisting of nodes (vertices) and the connections (edges)
between them. Mixed graphs, which combine both undirected and directed edges, provide a …

In graph theory, the hypergraph [22] extends the traditional graph structure by allowing
edges to connect multiple vertices, and this concept is further broadened by the …

As many readers may know, graph theory is a fundamental branch of mathematics that
explores networks made up of nodes and edges, focusing on their paths, structures, and …

Graph theory is afundamental branch of mathematicsthat studiesnetworksconsisting of
nodes (vertices) and their connections (edges). Extensive research has been conducted on …

Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, focuses on studying graphs that model relationships
between objects through vertices and edges [29]. The Turiyam Neutrosophic Graph handles …

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of Trees, Forests, and Paths within the
framework of Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Graphs. Graph theory, known for its wide-ranging …