Influenza A viruses cause pandemics when they cross between species and an
antigenically novel virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit between these new hosts …

Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

As exemplified by coronaviruses and influenza viruses, bats and birds are natural reservoirs
for providing viral genes during evolution of new virus species and viruses for interspecies …

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created the need for …

Viral infections are initiated by attachment of the virus to host cell surface receptors,
including sialic acid-containing glycans. It is now possible to rapidly identify specific glycan …

Respiratory viruses (including adenovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus,
coronavirus, and rhinovirus) cause a broad spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from …

Newly emerging or" re-emerging" viral diseases continue to pose significant global public
health threats. Prototypic are influenza viruses that are major causes of human respiratory …

Influenza A viruses are zoonotic pathogens that continuously circulate and change in
several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, horses and humans. The emergence of novel …

Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung
diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to …

The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely
understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering …