Locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program and
feedback mechanisms. The central program relies fundamentally on a genetically …

< jats: title> Abstract</jats: title>< jats: p> The sections in this article are:</jats: p>< jats:
sec>< jats: title> Kinematics and Muscle Activity</jats: title>< jats: sec>< jats: title> Hindlimb …

What does the swimming leech have to do with the running human? The ability to move
actively in space is essential to members of the animal kingdom, and the evolution of the …

Social dilemmas occur when the pursuit of self-interest by individuals in a group leads to
less than optimal collective outcomes for everyone in the group. A critical assumption in the …

Spinal motor systems receive a convergent input from descending tracts and peripheral
afferents. As a rule, there is multiform descending convergence from different supraspinal …

Acute low spinal and curarized cats injected with noradrenergic agonists iv can elicit an
efferent burst pattern which can be recorded in muscle nerve filaments and can be referred …

The cat hindlimb contains several long, biarticular strap muscles composed of parallel
muscle fascicles that attach to short tendons. Three of these muscles‐sartorius, tenuissimus …

The following factors underlying behavioral plasticity are discussed:(1) reflex adaptability
and its role in the voluntary control of movement,(2) degrees of freedom and motor …

Critical firing levels (CFLs) of single motor units (MUs) in the long head of the human biceps
brachii muscle were determined in combinations of two isometric tasks: flexion of the elbow …

The aim of this study was to produce a dynamic model of the spatiotemporal activation of
ensembles of alpha motoneurons (MNs) in the cat lumbosacral spinal cord during the …