Elevated immune responses and the higher incidence of autoimmune diseases in female
(compared to male) humans and animals have been known for a long time. However, the …

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic
susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex …

Background and Methods Multiple sclerosis often occurs in young women, and the effect of
pregnancy on the disease is poorly understood. We studied 254 women with multiple …

Please cite this paper as: Finkelsztejn A, Brooks J, Paschoal F, Fragoso Y. What can we
really tell women with multiple sclerosis regarding pregnancy? A systematic review and …

Relapses (episodic exacerbations of neurological signs or symptoms) are a defining feature
of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the most prevalent MS phenotype. While their …

We report a natural history study of 216 patients with primary progressive (PP)-multiple
sclerosis defined by at least 1 year of exacerbation-free progression at onset. This …

Importance Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience an elevated risk of relapse after
giving birth. The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on postpartum risk of MS relapse is …

Objective To determine if exclusive breastfeeding protects against postpartum relapses of
multiple sclerosis (MS) and, if so, whether this protection is related to prolonged lactational …

Objective To determine whether women with multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosed according to
current criteria are at an increased risk of postpartum relapses and to assess whether this …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence guiding management of multiple sclerosis (MS) in
reproductive-aged women. DATA SOURCES: We conducted an electronic literature search …