Ship emissions problems caused by the rapid development of maritime trade can't be
ignored. The NO X, SO X, CO 2, PM and other toxic substances contained in the exhaust gas …

There are several environmental and ecological effects of shipping. However, these are
rarely assessed in total in the scientific literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to …

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In
the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due to severe …

Ocean and marine environments face the adverse effects of climate change and
environmental pollution. Maritime transportation, one of the most severe marine pollution …

Ship traffic emissions degrade air quality in coastal areas and contribute to climate impacts
globally. The estimated health burden of exposure to shipping emissions in coastal areas …

Since most of the carbon emissions from maritime transportation occur in the international
sea, it is difficult to divide the emission responsibilities, which hinders the control of maritime …

Air pollution is the leading cause of the global burden of disease from the environment,
entailing substantial economic consequences. International shipping is a significant source …

It is well established that in Europe, high O 3 concentrations are most pronounced in
southern/Mediterranean countries due to the more favourable climatological conditions for …

Based on the newly adopted strategy “The European Green Deal”, by 2050, the European
Union should become the first climate neutral region worldwide. This very ambitious goal …

This paper comprehensively analyzes ship's response strategy to emission control areas
(ECAs). By establishing mixed integer nonlinear programming models, we obtain the …