Terahertz (THz) light has proven to be a fine tool to probe and control quasi-particles and
collective excitations in solids, to drive phase transitions and associated changes in material …

Plasma-based accelerators that impart energy gain as high as several GeV to electrons or
positrons within a few centimeters have engendered a new class of diagnostic techniques …

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $ e^+ e^-$ collider
under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this …

In special relativity, four-vectors, such as space–time, energy–momentum and
electromagnetic potential vectors, follow the Lorentz transformation. The transformations of …

The electro-optic (EO) effect is a powerful diagnostic tool for determining the time profile of
ultrashort relativistic electron bunches. When a relativistic bunch passes within a few mm of …

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e $^+ $ e $^-$-
collider under development by the CLIC accelerator collaboration, hosted by CERN. The …

We propose and demonstrate a terahertz (THz) oscilloscope for recording time information
of an ultrashort electron beam. By injecting a laser-driven THz pulse with circular …

High-gain free-electron lasers (FELs) in the ultraviolet and x-ray regime put stringent
demands on the peak current, transverse emittance, and energy spread of the driving …

Precise measurements of the temporal profile of ultrashort electron bunches are of high
interest for the optimization and operation of ultraviolet and x-ray free-electron lasers. The …

Real time views of atomic motion can be achieved using electron pulses as structural
probes. The requisite time resolution requires knowledge of both the electron pulse duration …