Protection against microbial infection in eukaryotes is provided by diverse cellular and
molecular mechanisms. Here, we present a comparative view of the antiviral activity of virus …

Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural
ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism's …

Caenorhabditis elegans must distinguish pathogens from nutritious food sources among the
many bacteria to which it is exposed in its environment. Here we show that a single …

The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has risen to the status of a top model organism for
biological research in the last fifty years. Among laboratory animals, this tiny nematode is …

Effective antiviral protection in multicellular organisms relies on both cell-autonomous and
systemic immunity. Systemic immunity mediates the spread of antiviral signals from infection …

Adaptive antiviral immunity in plants is an RNA-based mechanism in which small RNAs
derived from both strands of the viral RNA are guides for an Argonaute (AGO) nuclease. The …

Immune systems are of pivotal importance to any living organism on Earth, as they protect
the organism against deleterious effects of viral infections. Though the current knowledge …

Across diverse taxa, selfing species have evolved independently from outcrossing species
thousands of times. The transition from outcrossing to selfing decreases the effective …

Understanding the diversity and consequences of viruses present in honey bees is critical
for maintaining pollinator health and managing the spread of disease. The viral landscape of …

Model organisms are of great importance to our understanding of basic biology and to
making advances in biomedical research. However, the influence of laboratory cultivation on …