Human fungal infections are a historically neglected area of disease research, yet they
cause more than 1.5 million deaths every year. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of …

Microbiota, and the plethora of signalling molecules that they generate, are a major driving
force that underlies a striking range of inter-individual physioanatomic and behavioural …

Chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, has been associated with allergic disorders
such as asthma. However, it is unclear how mammals recognize chitin and the principal …

Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL1)-deficient patients experience chronic
intestinal inflammation and diarrhea as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial …

Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is an
opportunistic pathogen that is readily cleared by healthy lungs but can cause pulmonary …

Lysin motif (LysM)-containing proteins function as pattern-recognition receptors in plants to
recognize different N-acetylglucosamine-containing ligands, thereby triggering specific …

Staphylococcus aureus causes reiterative and chronic persistent infections. This can be
explained by the formidable ability of this pathogen to escape immune surveillance …

The role of the intestinal microbiota in host health is increasingly revealed in its contributions
to disease states. The host-microbiome interaction is multifactorial and dynamic. One of the …

Chitin and peptidoglycan fragments are well recognized as pathogen associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs). Long‐chain oligosaccharides of β (1→ 4)‐linked N‐acetyl‐D …

Carbohydrate recognition is fundamental to a wide variety of interkingdom interactions. For
example, bacterial peptidoglycan, an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)–N-acetylmuramic …