Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease
of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative
disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is characterized by immune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non‐traumatic disabling disease to affect young
adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

Ageing is an inevitable event in the lifecycle of all organisms, characterized by progressive
physiological deterioration and increased vulnerability to death. Ageing has also been …

In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS),
which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). In a minority …

B cells represent a relatively minor cell population within both the healthy and diseased
central nervous system (CNS), yet they can have profound effects. This is emphasized in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been …