The vestibular cerebellum plays an essential role in maintaining our balance and ensuring
perceptual stability during activities of daily living. Here I examine three key regions of the …

Humans excel at learning complex tasks, and elite performers such as musicians or athletes
develop motor skills that defy biomechanical constraints. All actions require the movement of …

Gravity is a defining force that governs the evolution of mechanical forms, shapes and
anchors our perception of the environment, and imposes fundamental constraints on our …

Key points Considerable debate exists regarding whether electrical vestibular stimuli
encoded by vestibular afferents induce a net signal of linear acceleration, rotation or a …

There is increasing theoretical and empirical support for the brain combining multisensory
information to determine the direction of gravity and hence uprightness. A fundamental part …

Perceiving our orientation and motion requires sensory information provided by vision, our
body and acceleration. Normally, these cues are redundant however in some situations they …

Aging affects the vestibular system and may disturb the perception of verticality and lead to
increased visual dependence (VD). Studies have identified that abnormal upright perception …

The head-direction (HD) system, a key neural circuit for navigation, consists of several
anatomical structures containing neurons selective to the animal's head direction. HD cells …

The ability to move and maintain posture is critically dependent on motion and orientation
information provided by the vestibular system. When this system delivers noisy or erred …

Background Spatial orientation is an inherent ability governed by the complex integration of
visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. The degree to which an individual relies upon …