Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and
aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of …

Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences
and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting …

Artificial spin-ice systems are lithographically patterned arrangements of interacting
magnetic nanostructures that were introduced as way of investigating the effects of …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

Magnetic monopoles, proposed as elementary particles that act as isolated magnetic south
and north poles, have long attracted research interest as magnetic analogs to electric …

Artificial spin ice comprises a class of frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain
ferromagnetic nanostructures. Previous studies of artificial spin ice have focused on simple …

Physical neuromorphic computing, exploiting the complex dynamics of physical systems,
has seen rapid advancements in sophistication and performance. Physical reservoir …

Artificial spin ices are frustrated spin systems that can be engineered, in which fine tuning of
geometry and topology has allowed the design and characterization of exotic emergent …

Artificial spin ice systems have been proposed as a playground for the study of monopole-
like magnetic excitations,, similar to those observed in pyrochlore spin ice materials …

Reducing the dimensionality of a physical system can have a profound effect on its
properties, as in the ordering of low-dimensional magnetic materials, phonon dispersion in …