Marine biofouling has negatively affected human sailing since ancient times. Traditional
antifouling coatings were banned worldwide in 2003 due to their toxicity towards nontarget …

BACKGROUND Surfaces that control solid, liquid, or vapor accretion have numerous
applications, including self-cleaning windows and solar panels; water and fog harvesting; …

A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces have offered unique advantages in combating
microbial contaminations involving fungi, bacteria, and viruses, especially during the global …

There are a large number of fouling organisms in the ocean, which easily attach to the
surface of ships, oil platforms and breeding facilities, corrode the surface of equipment …

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is becoming more widespread due to excessive use of
antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture. At the same time the development of new …

Marine biofouling is a ubiquitous problem that accompanies human marine activities and
marine industries. It exerts detrimental impacts on the economy, environment, ecology, and …

Microbes have remarkable capabilities to attach to the surface of implanted medical devices
and form biofilms that adversely impact device function and increase the risk of multidrug …

Marine biofouling is a global problem today. High efficiency and eco-friendly antifouling
systems are in pressing need. In recent years, we have proposed the concept of dynamic …

1. INTRODUCTION Any surface immersed in seawater is subjected to the settlement of
marine organisms (bacteria, algae, mollusks), known as fouling or biofouling. This unwanted …