Parliamentary debate is a fundamental aspect of democratic law-making. While law makers
everywhere seek to express their views in parliament, there are large discrepancies in who …

Using election returns, public opinion surveys, and legislative roll-call data from many mixed
systems in every world region, the authors show that contamination systematically affects …

All polities may be judged against an ideal of electoral “efficiency” defined as
responsiveness to the collective-goods preferences of the majority of the electorate. An …

" The age of Walpole was marked by corruption greater and apparently more irremediable
than any which we have yet known in American political life. Who could have predicted …

In the early 1990s, popular discontent with politics in Italy, New Zealand, and Japan led to
the enactment of new electoral systems in all three countries. The results of the reforms have …

This book confronts one of the most fiercely contested issues in current political debates:
how is welfare state retrenchment possible in modern democracies despite the welfare …

Mixed-member systems have been characterized as encouraging politicians to balance the
activities that enhance their personal reputations and those of their parties. Another literature …

The old Japanese single-party system collapsed in 1993, but a new system has not yet fully
evolved. Following the most significant party reform in Japanese history, this book analyses …

This article analyses the political effects of the mixed parallel electoral system in Lithuania.
According to the 'best of both worlds' logic, mixed systems could combine advantages from …

In both social and political matters, individuals trust those they believe will treat them fairly.
Individuals in democracies have little objection to abiding by policies instituted by parties …