A wide range of protozoan pathogens either transmitted by vectors (Plasmodium, Babesia,
Leishmania and Trypanosoma), by contaminated food or water (Entamoeba and Giardia), or …

Helminths are multicellular invertebrates that colonize the gut of many vertebrate animals
including humans. This colonization can result in pathology, which requires treatment. It can …

Vaccines are one of the most successful medical inventions to enable the eradication or
control of common and fatal diseases. Environmental exposure of hosts, including helminth …

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects worldwide, but the
trajectory of the pandemic has been milder in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) …

Helminths are metazoan parasites affecting about one third of the worldwide population.
Chronic helminth infections (CHIs) confer immunological tolerance to harmless and self …

The most important soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) affecting humans are roundworms,
whipworms, and hookworms, with a large proportion of the world's population infected with …

Chronic helminth infections (CHIs) can induce immunological tolerance through the
upregulation of regulatory T cells. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), abnormal …

The effects of co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic diseases have been little
investigated in terms of immune response, disease dynamics, and clinical outcomes. This …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been
spreading since 2019, causing a worldwide pandemic. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic …

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a
remarkable observation was that on the African continent significantly less coronavirus …