Biased ligands at G-protein-coupled receptors: promise and progress

JD Violin, AL Crombie, DG Soergel, MW Lark - Trends in pharmacological …, 2014 - cell.com
Drug discovery targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is no longer limited to
seeking agonists or antagonists to stimulate or block cellular responses associated with a …

Evolving concepts in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis: the role in receptor desensitization and signaling

SSG Ferguson - Pharmacological reviews, 2001 - ASPET
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane proteins that form the
largest single family of integral membrane receptors. GPCRs transduce information provided …

Therapeutic potential of β-arrestin-and G protein-biased agonists

EJ Whalen, S Rajagopal, RJ Lefkowitz - Trends in molecular medicine, 2011 - cell.com
Members of the seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR), or G protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR), superfamily represent some of the most successful targets of modern drug therapy …

Functional selectivity and classical concepts of quantitative pharmacology

JD Urban, WP Clarke, M Von Zastrow… - … of Pharmacology and …, 2007 - ASPET
The concept of intrinsic efficacy has been enshrined in pharmacology for half of a century,
yet recent data have revealed that many ligands can differentially activate signaling …

Seven transmembrane receptors as shapeshifting proteins: the impact of allosteric modulation and functional selectivity on new drug discovery

T Kenakin, LJ Miller - Pharmacological reviews, 2010 - ASPET
It is useful to consider seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) as disordered proteins able
to allosterically respond to a number of binding partners. Considering 7TMRs as allosteric …

G protein-coupled receptor allosterism and complexing

A Christopoulos, T Kenakin - Pharmacological reviews, 2002 - ASPET
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of cell-surface receptors.
These receptors are natural allosteric proteins because agonist-mediated signaling by …

Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonists are preferable to agonists for in vivo peptide receptor targeting of tumors

M Ginj, H Zhang, B Waser, R Cescato… - Proceedings of the …, 2006 - National Acad Sciences
Targeting neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst) with
radiolabeled somatostatin agonists is an established diagnostic and therapeutic approach in …

β-Arrestin-mediated activation of MAPK by inverse agonists reveals distinct active conformations for G protein-coupled receptors

M Azzi, PG Charest, S Angers… - Proceedings of the …, 2003 - National Acad Sciences
It is becoming increasingly clear that signaling via G protein-coupled receptors is a diverse
phenomenon involving receptor interaction with a variety of signaling partners. Despite this …

Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors

M Dufresne, C Seva, D Fourmy - Physiological reviews, 2006 - journals.physiology.org
Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors (CCK1R and CCK2R) are G protein-coupled
receptors that have been the subject of intensive research in the last 10 years with …

The evasive nature of drug efficacy: implications for drug discovery

S Galandrin, G Oligny-Longpré, M Bouvier - Trends in pharmacological …, 2007 - cell.com
The efficacy of a drug is generally determined by the drug's ability to promote a quantifiable
biological response. In the context of the classical receptor-occupancy theory, the efficacy is …