Small molecule drugs are increasingly emerging as innovative and effective treatments for
various diseases, with mRNA therapeutics being a notable representative. The success of …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are inflammatory cells that are important
components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and …

Gut homeostasis is crucial in defending against pathogens and maintaining microbial
balance. Changes in modern lifestyle, such as poor dietary habits and lack of exercise, have …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition and
ranks as the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for various
diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders. The mRNA‐based …

This review aims to address the significant challenges of treating central nervous system
(CNS) disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, spinal cord injuries, and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown a great potential role in treating liver injury.
MSCs can promote liver regeneration by differentiating into hepatocytes, and can also …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that received attention for their potential use in the
treatment of various injuries. They communicate intercellularly by transferring genetic and …

Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular membrane vesicles secreted
from cells that have gradually shown promise in cancer treatment. As an essential …

Glioblastoma (GB) remains a major challenge owing to its extremely aggressive nature and
resistance to conventional therapies. This review focuses on the intricate roles of progenitor …