The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyse the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and
cyclic GMP, thereby regulating the intracellular concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides …

Nucleotide signaling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. In the
immune system, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well established as a potent …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of
terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein
kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and …

In the complex microcosm of a cell, information security and its faithful transmission are
critical for maintaining internal stability. To achieve a coordinated response of all its parts to …

Second messenger responses rely on where and when the enzymes that propagate these
signals become active. Spatial and temporal organization of certain signaling enzymes is …

By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their …

Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has emerged as a major regulatory mechanism
for metabolic adaptation. cAMP signaling and PKA phosphorylation of mitochondrial …

Abstract Cyclic adenosine 3, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second
messenger regulating many biological processes, such as cell migration, differentiation …