The thermochemical upcycling of biomass into high value-added fuels and carbon materials
in molten salts has attracted much attention in recent years. Molten salts have a wide variety …

This tutorial review aims to describe the status of the scaling up of organosolv treatment. It is
a process where various lignocellulosic materials are fractionated, selective …

To achieve the maximum value from lignocellulosic biomass, an integrated biorefinery
based on molecule-level design is required. In this study, a combination of hydrothermal …

The paper provides an introduction to biomaterials covered and their available types, such
as metal, ceramic, polymer, and composites. Biomaterials are structures, devices, or …

A novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES), consisted of choline chloride, oxalic acid and
ethylene glycol, was developed as a green, low-cost and recyclable pretreatment system for …

Food waste (FW) remains a global challenge due to the increasing demand for food
production to support a growing global population and the lack of effective waste …

hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a crucial biomss-derived fuel precursor with versatile
conversion pathways to advanced fuels. However, direct production of 5-HMF from …

The one-pot approach was developed by using molten salt hydrate consisting of ZnCl 2· 4H
2 O and LiCl· 3H 2 O to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose. Cellulose …

Agriculture and forestry yield enormous lignocellulosic biomass resources to produce
bioenergy and bioproducts. To fully convert lignocellulosic biomass into high-value chemical …

The conventional fractionation of lignocellulose into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was
generally carried out at high temperatures and under highly acidic conditions owing to the …