Supported by recent human neuroimaging studies, the insula is re-emerging as an important
brain area not only in the physiological understanding of the brain, but also in pathological …

Cognitive effort has been implicated in numerous theories regarding normal and aberrant
behavior and the physiological response to engagement with demanding tasks. Yet, despite …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

Motivational and motor deficits are common in patients with depression and other psychiatric
disorders, and are related to symptoms of anhedonia and motor retardation. These deficits in …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 140 (2) of
Psychological Bulletin (see record 2014-06337-001). The citation for Dougherty et al.(2009) …

Background Two objectives of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative are to
identify (a) mechanisms that are common to multiple psychiatric disorders, and (b) …

In everyday life, we have to decide whether it is worth exerting effort to obtain rewards. Effort
can be experienced in different domains, with some tasks requiring significant cognitive …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

An extensive body of research suggests the spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is a non-
invasive indirect marker of central dopamine (DA) function, with higher EBR predicting …

Anhedonia is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the precise nature of
anhedonic symptoms is unknown. Whereas anhedonia has traditionally been viewed as a …